Today I began to see black bars whenever the dash to dock is in its "low opacity" state while on adaptive or dynamic opacity.
Screenshot of settings and the working state (no window behind the dock):

Moving the settings behind the dash to dock should increase its opacity, but I get a black bar left and right:

I noticed that the window actually does not have to be behind the dock to trigger this (although I believe this has more to with the implementation of when the high opacity is triggered instead of the bug itself):

Switching to fixed opacity fixes the issue IF I changed it while the black bars are NOT present (e.g. screenshot 1) but they remain if switch to fixed while the black bars are already visible (e.g while on screenshot 2).
Another thing I noticed - not sure if it helps - is when I keep my mouse over the dock so that it stays open, and I then switch workspace where no application is behind, the black bars fade out. So I assume its actually an deliberately rendered block (div? Not sure how extensions work) with the wrong background instead of an rendering bug.
System info:
List of active Gnome Extensions:
I also face the same issue after upgrading dash to dock extension today. There is a black bar or div on the left and right side of the dock. I switched to fixed opacity instead of dynamic temporarily. Please fix it.
Also facing this issue, Gnome 3.28 on Ubuntu 18.04 with Dash-to-Dock v64
Reproducible with gnome-tweaks 3.30.1 on Arch Linux 4.18.12.
For those having this issue on Ubuntu, see here for a workaround: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1084966/ubuntu-18-10-visual-artifacts-black-bar-in-dock-if-extend-height-is-disabled/1085622#1085622
@krupenja This is actually not a workaround as it would not match the setting of the theme.
Of course setting it to fixed hides the issue XD
Does the problem occur only with the Adapta-Nokto-Eta theme?
Same issue with Adwaita.
I can reproduce the problem with Equilux theme.
I found the same issue with Yaru theme. (Ubuntu 18.10 default theme)
Is someone able to reproduce the bug in a a clean ubuntu session (e.g. create a new user or in a newly installe, maybe virtualised, system). I cannot reproduce the bug.
I am facing the same issue with clean install of Ubuntu 18.10. It's gnome 3.30.1 with Nvidia proprietary drivers.
Reproducible with a clean install of Ubuntu 18.10 inside a VM with Yaru theme.
Seeing this behavior with a fresh default install of Ubuntu 18.10 as well. Fixed opacity seems to work fine.
I messed with the Dash-to-Dock internal settings for a while and somehow fixed the issue. Unfortunately, I can't seem to reproduce what I had before. I'm honestly so confused.
Alright, I found what works for me is indeed switching to FIXED and using the restart command (Alt+F2, r, Enter). The black box goes away, leaving the glorious alpha. However, of course, this is fixed transparency. Perhaps change dash-to-dock.background-opacity to make it look cleaner.
This problem happens when setting opacity as dynamic.
Ubuntu 18.04.2. Gnome 3.28. Community theme.
Same issue here. I have almost a clean isntall on Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (using it for about 3 months). I didn't change anything in the OS. I use the default theme and only downloaded the Tweaks and the Dash to Dock utility. The dock works fine with the default and fixed opacity setting, unfortunately the adaptive (which I want to use to match the top bar) and the dynamic one results in the same issue. When I set it to one of these options either a wide and continous black bar appears as shown above or instead becomes transparent as the dock itself but with the width of the black bar. So either it's black or transparent but really wide (almost as I didn't use the Dash to Dock utility, which of course I want).

Uploading the picture so you can see what it looks like when it's transparent instead of black. It really annoyes me. I wish I could use it in adaptive mode with the Dash to Dock look.
This https://askubuntu.com/questions/1133517/dash-to-dock-how-to-remove-these-black-stripes solves the issue.
Don't forget to reboot your computer.
@krupenja link to the workaround works great. I am not referring to the "best answer" but the edit of stylesheet.css (answered by PRATAP).
@davidmpc 's solution fixes it (the one with stylesheet.css edit). You don't need to reboot the computer, just turn off the extension and then back on.
Tested on Pop!OS 19.10
For those having this issue on Ubuntu, see here for a workaround: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1084966/ubuntu-18-10-visual-artifacts-black-bar-in-dock-if-extend-height-is-disabled/1085622#1085622 @krupenja
I think this is the only workaround available right now. Of course you don't have to reboot your machine. Just logout and log back in.
Most helpful comment
Alright, I found what works for me is indeed switching to FIXED and using the restart command (Alt+F2, r, Enter). The black box goes away, leaving the glorious alpha. However, of course, this is fixed transparency. Perhaps change dash-to-dock.background-opacity to make it look cleaner.