I'm not sure if this is a bug, but if it is, then this can be placed in the right category.
How are buses supposed to ignore lane arrows?

Because, from my understanding of what it says on the tin, it means that if, in this case, a bus were to go straight, it would use the turn right lane to join the four lane road.
Picture of the junction in question:
Now, my bus route goes straight, as per the diagram. There is a standalone lane to turn left, and a standalone lane to turn right.

But with the policy turned on, for some reason, this happens.

I thought the policy meant that they don't make the lane change at all?
The policy allows them to ignore lane arrows if it helps them achieve a better route.
More info here: https://tmpe.viathinksoft.com/wiki/index.php?title=Busses_may_ignore_lane_arrows
So, in this case, the computer would have thought that the right lane wouldn't make it better?
I'll have to check if my lane connections have been enabled, I let someone have a go at fixing it previously.
Hmm.

Then why make the lane change in the first place?


As far as I know, lane connection has precedence over lane arrow (arrows are chosen based on lane connections) so bus has to choose second lane (go straight).
So, if one were to, for example, make connections that don't directly affect the lanes that aren't selected, the buses will follow what's on the road?
As far as I know, lane connection has precedence over lane arrow (arrows are chosen based on lane connections) so bus has to choose second lane (go straight).
I'm not sure if this is entirely correct.
Reasoning: Reckless drivers can ignore lane arrows, but cannot ignore user-defined lane connectors. So there must be some degree of separation between the two. I'm not sure how that works, maybe @VictorPhilipp can advise?
Yes, lane connections and lane arrows are separate systems.
Lane arrows can be thought to be kind of an advice for vehicles: All kind of road vehicles should follow them. But for example reckless drivers and emergency vehicles on duty may ignore them. As you know there is also an option that also allows buses to ignore them.
Also, important to know is that ignoring a lane arrow comes with a higher path-finding cost. That means buses will ignore them if it is really necessary but otherwise they stick to regular traffic rules. The reason behind this is because at junctions with standalone lanes for each directions that also have standalone timed traffic lights for each direction, vehicles that ignore lane arrows cause traffic jams when they use a turn lane to go straight. (https://github.com/VictorPhilipp/Cities-Skylines-Traffic-Manager-President-Edition/issues/206)
Lane connections on the other hand are super strict: Neither can reckless drivers nor busses ignore them. But emergency vehicles on duty can!
Lane connections on the other hand are super strict: Neither can reckless drivers nor busses ignore them. But emergency vehicles on duty can!
Any chance to get an option for buses ignoring lane connectors similar to the ignore lane arrows policy?
I realise that lane connectors probably modify the pathfinding on a deeper level (by actually changing the connections of the nodes or something like that?) but it really hurts your bus lines if all you want is proper traffic flow but your buses to still take a short route e.g. in a situation like this where the bus stop is directly at the intersection on a two-lane, one-way street and the bus will not be able to reach the left turning lane from the stop:

(This would work fine with lane-arrows though)
Most helpful comment
Yes, lane connections and lane arrows are separate systems.
Lane arrows can be thought to be kind of an advice for vehicles: All kind of road vehicles should follow them. But for example reckless drivers and emergency vehicles on duty may ignore them. As you know there is also an option that also allows buses to ignore them.
Also, important to know is that ignoring a lane arrow comes with a higher path-finding cost. That means buses will ignore them if it is really necessary but otherwise they stick to regular traffic rules. The reason behind this is because at junctions with standalone lanes for each directions that also have standalone timed traffic lights for each direction, vehicles that ignore lane arrows cause traffic jams when they use a turn lane to go straight. (https://github.com/VictorPhilipp/Cities-Skylines-Traffic-Manager-President-Edition/issues/206)
Lane connections on the other hand are super strict: Neither can reckless drivers nor busses ignore them. But emergency vehicles on duty can!