Microsoft Edge displays a transparent header in mkdocs-material 5.x. In the previous 4.x releases, Microsoft Edge used to display the background color correctly as defined in theme['palette']['primary'].
I've noticed that if you inspect the corresponding md-header DOM element, it will show you that the CSS attribures color/background-color are set correctly to var(--md-primary-fg-color)/var(--md-primary-bg-color). So my guess is that there is something wrong with the fade-in animation; browser-specific instructions my be needed.
Edge renders the header background color as defined in theme['palette']['primary']
Edge renders a transparent header background
theme:
name: material
language: en
features:
- instant
palette:
scheme: default
primary: grey
accent: blue
font:
text: Roboto
code: Roboto Mono
logo: img/logo.png
I can't debug Edge, as I'm not on Windows (using macOS). Also, I've never heard of Edge 44. Could I ask you to try to debug the problem yourself?
I reproduced this issue too - and the text on the homepage is white (hidden) too:

Screenshot from Edge 18 (which shows as Edge 44 in Settings screen but is more widely referred to by the EdgeHTML version - 18)
Should really get this fixed as Edge Legacy has approx 2% global marketshare
As I said, I'm hoping for some help from somebody using Windows. It looks like it's related to CSS variables, which is strange, as caniuse says Edge 16+ supports them.
EDIT: might also be related to color definitions.
Changing the --md-primary-fg-color variable to hsl(231, 48%, 48%) fixes it.
Or just removing the deg part of the first value works too.. e.g. hsla(231, 48%, 48%, 1)

Thank you! This deg part seems to be generated by a SASS function hex2hsl in _colors.scss.
Do you have an idea how to fix it?
That is weird. Edge should support deg, but I guess since the grammar of the first value of hsla() is <angle> | <number>, and <number> is implicitly converted to an <angle> value with the canonical deg unit, we could drop deg from all hsla() functions. It seems, that deg was added in Color Level 4, as Color Level 3 doesn't mention it.
Fixed in 24b185a7.
Released as part of 5.2.2
Most helpful comment
Fixed in 24b185a7.