Supposedly they are independent
<div
[ngStyle]="{'transform': slideStyleString, 'transition': 'transform 0.75s ease-in-out'}"
[ngStyle.xs]="{'color': 'green'}"
>TESTING</div>
However, if you can the value of slideStyleString above, the color will be lost.
Problem exists in 2.0.0-beta.7 and 2.0.0-beta.8.
Problem not present in 2.0.0-rc.1
See plunker. HTML is in src/app/test-app.ts
The first DIV stays in color. Click the slide out button and the second DIV loses color and turns black.
An even simply example:
<div
[ngStyle]="{'fontSize': sizeString}"
[ngStyle.xs]="{'color': 'green'}"
[ngStyle.sm]="{'color': 'red'}"
[ngStyle.md]="{'color': 'blue'}"
[ngStyle.lg]="{'color': 'purple'}"
[ngStyle.xl]="{'color': 'pink'}"
>TESTING</div>
<button (click)='sizeString="20pt"'>Size 20</button>
<button (click)='sizeString="10pt"'>Size 10</button>
@alexfung888 - While the ngStyle Wiki says styles will be merged. Let me confirm again Angular core expectations.
@ThomasBurleson Any progress on this one ?
@ThomasBurleson will this be fixed in the upcoming release?
@mackelito This fix will be available in Beta.10 (or new RC1 if we can overwrite the existing invalid one).
The latest nightly build provides fixes for ngStyle.

See Plunkr Demo
<div
[ngStyle]="{'fontSize': sizeString}"
[ngStyle.xs]="{'color': 'green', 'fontSize': sizeString}"
[ngStyle.sm]="{'color': 'red', 'fontSize': '12pt'}"
[ngStyle.md]="{'color': 'blue'}"
[ngStyle.lg]="{'color': 'purple'}"
[ngStyle.xl]="{'color': 'pink'}" >
</div>
The responsive key can override a default property in ngStyle object and merge the responsive key/values with the initial default key values.
Note that the ngStyle.xs is the only breakpoint that will use dynamically changed font-sizes AND preserve the color. Otherwise the font-size will trigger the ngStyle to update and render WITHOUT color.
Per the ngStyle Directive in core, the
ngStyledirective will replace anything instyle; after first merging the initialstylekey-values into the anyngStylekey-values.
style + ngStyle
This is now working similar in functionality to [ngStyle] in core.

This functionality is available in the nightly build and will be released to npm with the [upcoming] Beta.10 release.
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Most helpful comment
@mackelito This fix will be available in Beta.10 (or new RC1 if we can overwrite the existing invalid one).