When you change the date for a post, you have the potential to break existing links to that post. We should at least warn people about this. This was particularly bothersome when coupled with this issue where posts get the wrong post date. https://github.com/Automattic/wp-calypso/issues/9014
We need a copy from the experts.
And let go with is-warning notice.

We need a copy from the experts.
I've added the label, but just in case, I'm pinging the pros. @Automattic/editorial Thanks in advance!
Oh looking further I see that we have an EditorNotice
@iamtakashi could you clarify where in the editor we'd like the notice to appear? Under the masterbar here?

How about:
Are you sure about that? If you change the date, existing links to your post will stop working.
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How about: