teps to reproduce
How'd you do it?

Framework: 5.0.51-dev-
Console: 5.0.51-dev-
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-omnibus/master/config/templates/metasploit-framework-wrappers/msfupdate.erb > msfinstall
chmod 755 msfinstall
sudo ./msfinstall
OS Debian arm64 (android + root + linux deploy)
He used to work on this device, now has stopped sharing?
Is the payloads list empty? How do I download payloads?
Payloads are included with Metasploit.
https://metasploit.help.rapid7.com/docs/working-with-payloads

That's unusual...
Do you have a database connected?
I can't reproduce this, with and without a database connected.
I noticed that your version of Metasploit is a coupe of revisions behind. Are you using Metasploit from an OS package or installer, or from GitHub master branch?
I installed Metasploit using the package:
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-omnibus/master/config/templates/metasploit-framework-wrappers/msfupdate.erb > msfinstall
chmod 755 msfinstall
sudo ./msfinstall
And when starting with the database, it gives an error:

Does show payloads show any payloads for other modules, or is it only the ETERNALBLUE module which fails to show payloads ?
Pinging DB team.
I've not seen this before, however, the most recent screenshot includes a warning "Unable to load module metadata from disk see error log." Would you please provide relevant stack traces and information from the ~/.msf4/logs/framework.log?
show payloads Does not show payloads in any modules.
This sounds it is missing the module cache file, a valid install should create this file @ ~/.msf4/store/modules_metadata.json please double check this file exists and has proper read permissions for the user running the console. I suspect the files may have been written by another user and be getting denied access for read.
Metasploit I run from the root. There is a file ~ /.msf4/store/modules_metadata.json, but it weighed 0 bytes. I copied the file from the working Kali Linux and payloads appeared. Thanks for the help!