This happens because on line 403 of Magento\CatalogInventory\Model\Stock\Item
the qty increment is converted to integer.

Is there any news about this issue yet?
@PiimegaOy, thank you for your report.
We were not able to reproduce this issue by following the steps you provided. If you'd like to update it, please reopen the issue.
We tested the issue on 2.3.0-dev, 2.2.0, 2.1.9
@PiimegaOy, thank you for your report.
We were not able to reproduce this issue by following the steps you provided. If you'd like to update it, please reopen the issue.
We tested the issue on 2.3.0-dev, 2.2.0, 2.1.9
@magento-engcom-team
I can confirm that there is a continued issue for "Qty Increment" client-side validation. Please see below.
12.5). character into the "Qty Increments" field@magento-engcom-team
Can confirm the issue:
Magento 2.1.9
PHP 7.0.24
Debian Jessie
I have also added a quantity button using the tutorial https://magenticians.com/quantity-increment-decrement-magento-2/ . I think here you can find the solution of your query as before starting i have a default product text field and now i have a quantity button to increment and decrement.
I can confirm this problem still exists on Magento version 2.2.3
#12914 falls in line with this bug, and is the second part of it.
Most helpful comment
@magento-engcom-team
I can confirm that there is a continued issue for "Qty Increment" client-side validation. Please see below.
Preconditions
Steps to Reproduce
12.5)Expected Result
Actual Result
.character into the "Qty Increments" field