Steps to reproduce: Follow the steps below to reproduce the issue.
What is expected: Comment is submitted, with a notice that it's pending moderation (if required) or submitted with approval
What happens instead: Page refreshes and the entered comment is nowhere to be seen
In 4.9.6, WordPress added a new checkbox in the default comment form to obtain consent to place a cookie for the site with information regarding the commenter name, email, etc. This data is generally used to make it easier for a returning commenter to leave a comment without having to re-enter the same information.
Additionally, WordPress uses this cookie to know what unapproved comments should be left on a site.
We would need to add a new arg submitted from jetpack.wordpress.com/jetpack-commentto the site's wp-comments-post.php of wp-comment-cookies-consent (any value, WP is just checking that it is set). Would need to do that in mu-plugins/jetpack/class.jetpack-renderer.php to add the checkbox and process it properly.
In terms of what is actually happening, wp_list_comment is calling wp_get_current_commenter for logged-out users to determine the author. That function pulls the cookie. If the cookie is present, then unapproved comments from that commenter are displayed with the moderation comment.
I think this can be totally done outside of a Jetpack release, but tagging it for the next release to get eyes and triage.
We can't fix this very robustly with just a WP.com change. See proposed Jetpack changes at #9828.
That PR fixes the issue for those that opt-in. For those that do not opt-in, the bad UX remains (no feedback about the newly submitted comment). Core also has the same bad UX in this case: https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/43857
We might be able to fix the non-opt-in bad UX in Jetpack separately, but the above PR does not attempt to.
Most helpful comment
We can't fix this very robustly with just a WP.com change. See proposed Jetpack changes at #9828.
That PR fixes the issue for those that opt-in. For those that do not opt-in, the bad UX remains (no feedback about the newly submitted comment). Core also has the same bad UX in this case: https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/43857
We might be able to fix the non-opt-in bad UX in Jetpack separately, but the above PR does not attempt to.