ConEmu build: 161206 x64
OS version: win7 x64, win10 x64
Used shell version: git-bash (git version 2.11.0.windows.1)
I have set main console font:

{cmd} works fine, but {Git bash} is broken:
{cmd}:

{Git bash}:

I read below docs
http://conemu.github.io/en/UnicodeSupport.html
http://conemu.github.io/en/RealConsole.html
Open real console:
very small font, but I can see real console render wrong font too.

Found its default font is “新宋体”(not what I set in ConEmu)

Then I follow the docs try to set real console font in Settings->Features:
this dropdown list do not contain DejaVu Sans Mono Nerd Font

And add font button is gray out, even if I run ConEmu by Administrator:

I also found an answer by you
put that font to ConEmu directory and restart the program.

But nothing happen, still error.
PS: the older git-bash version seems works fine, I update git-bash to newest (git version 2.11.0.windows.1) and get this error.
You said "git bash is broken". So, you chose wrong site to report the problem.
Third-party application problems
Hint: you have to convince git bash to process unicode properly (aka UTF-8).
@Maximus5
git-bash itself is working:

Only wrong while using ConEmu{Git bash}:

So I think the problem is the real consol font, but I can't find a proper way to set it.
In addition, I changed git-bash font settings before I did above test, maybe related to the problem

PS: no matter what config I changed, ConEmu rendered wrong font
I have read the link serveral times, thanks for you effort, but I still can't understand the key point you said.
Third-party software problems
Same with ConEmu. It’s a terminal, it just shows output of spawned console applications. Obviously, if third-party console application produces broken output, ConEmu can’t magically make this output valid.
This time, I directly open mintty.exe under git-bash folder and test, the output is correct:

This make me feel git bash(mintty.exe) output is correct. (PS: My windows path only include D:\Git\usr\bin , so ConEmu would not call other mintty.exe)
If this way can't prove git-bash(mintty.exe) output is correct, please tell me what is the right way. Because I think I do according to the docs, though by your saying seems I didn't do the right thing? I just can't figure out what is wrong, that is the problem. I think maybe that docs should be more detailly to describe this.
Check third-party software stand-alone
The whole section is talking about running tool or application.I am not running any tool or application in ConEmu , I am asking the font rendering problem, so skip this.
Do not run your console tool in mintty
The whole section is talking about running tool or application.I am not running any tool or application in ConEmu , I am asking the font rendering problem, so skip this.
Run your shell without profile
Do not point out how to run git-bash(mintty.exe) without profile
> ConEmu -run git-bash -noprofile
> ConEmu -run mintty -noprofile
Both not work
Note about DefaultTerminal
not enable
I had a similar issue and fixed it by defining two environment variables:
set LANG=en_US.UTF-8
set LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
These settings can be found by going to Settings>Startup>Environment.
Most helpful comment
I had a similar issue and fixed it by defining two environment variables:
These settings can be found by going to Settings>Startup>Environment.