See discussion over at https://twitter.com/GeoffreyHuntley/status/799393862846324736
Repro:
Upstream change that triggered this behaviour:
https://github.com/mono/mono/commit/5da8cfe05df331723584997bb9bbc6ac961c12d4
I'll talk to a few people tomorrow, but as it is right now there's a coupling between Mono.CSharp.dll and Microsoft.CSharp.dll on Mono so mixing and matching isn't going to work (or only if you're lucky).
To be clear: this has nothing to do with VS for Mac, it's rather in the Mono 4.8 that comes with it.
@ghuntley @akoeplinger We are willing to make changes to make this work for you. Suggestions are very welcome (ping @cake-build/team)
Is 4.8 RTM? Does Roslyn scripting work with 4.8? If so perhaps finally time to drop Mono scripting and unify around one engine.
@devlead Excellent thinking. That would solve a lot of other problems as well.
Mono 4.8 is currently in the alpha channel and will ship sometime later this year. If Roslyn scripting works then that'd be a good solution, though we did make a lot of stability fixes in Mono master as part of our move to Roslyn which is currently a work in progress (so those fixes won't show up in 4.8, whether that impacts you or not is hard to say).
We discussed a few workarounds that might work for you:
<probing> to app.config and move Mono.CSharp.dll into a subdirectory, it should then fail when you use a backslash in the probing path on Unix and load the version from the GAC.It all boils down to getting rid of Mono.CSharp.dll 馃槃
We decided to implement a workaround that would make this scenario not break:
https://github.com/mono/mono/commit/26c17a5b0f2c043a4bbccce2861b815492ad3aa2
It will be available in Mono 4.8.0.383 and later.
Ah cool, thanks for getting back to us @akoeplinger 馃憤
Closing this out due to age as the RTM ships with the version that includes the fix. Did not test/verify resolution.

Most helpful comment
We decided to implement a workaround that would make this scenario not break:
https://github.com/mono/mono/commit/26c17a5b0f2c043a4bbccce2861b815492ad3aa2
It will be available in Mono 4.8.0.383 and later.