Most compositor nodes have an icon shaped button that toggles node preview,
currently it uses "material" icon, it doesn't really match its function,
it is defined here:
source/blender/editors/space_node/node_draw.c
Code:

related: #2046

Thanks for creating the task. Now let's have a look what icon could fit best here ...
We have already a TOGGLE_NODE_PREVIEW icon. It's a bit ugly. But should do the trick :)

Great, there's also another idea, but needs a bit time, make a "show preview" toggle button on top of where preview would show, that way it is more clear
or at least we could emboss the preview toggle icon, as it wasn't clear at first that it can be clicked, also for node group node header icon
Yes, this needs fine tuning.
Most helpful comment
We have already a TOGGLE_NODE_PREVIEW icon. It's a bit ugly. But should do the trick :)