Code is here:
https://github.com/SurferJeffAtGoogle/csharp-docs-samples/tree/core/AuthSample/AuthTest
Running dotnet test in this directory works nicely:
> dotnet test
Build started, please wait...
Build completed.
Test run for C:\Users\rennie\gitrepos\dotnet-docs-samples\AuthSample\AuthTest\bin\Debug\netcoreapp2.0\AuthTest.d
ll(.NETCoreApp,Version=v2.0)
Microsoft (R) Test Execution Command Line Tool Version 15.3.0-preview-20170628-02
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Starting test execution, please wait...
[xUnit.net 00:00:00.8725763] Discovering: AuthTest
[xUnit.net 00:00:00.9823183] Discovered: AuthTest
[xUnit.net 00:00:01.0368701] Starting: AuthTest
[xUnit.net 00:00:01.2316710] Finished: AuthTest
Total tests: 1. Passed: 1. Failed: 0. Skipped: 0.
Test Run Successful.
Test execution time: 2.4182 Seconds
Until I try to add a project reference to the .csproj:
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\AuthSample.csproj" />
</ItemGroup>
Then, I get this error:
> dotnet test
Build started, please wait...
AuthTest\UnitTest1.cs(2,7): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'Xunit' could not be found (are you missing
a using directive or an assembly reference?) [C:\Users\rennie\gitrepos\dotnet-docs-samples\AuthSample\AuthSampl
e.csproj]
AuthTest\UnitTest1.cs(8,10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'FactAttribute' could not be found (are yo
u missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) [C:\Users\rennie\gitrepos\dotnet-docs-samples\AuthSample\
AuthSample.csproj]
AuthTest\UnitTest1.cs(8,10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'Fact' could not be found (are you missing
a using directive or an assembly reference?) [C:\Users\rennie\gitrepos\dotnet-docs-samples\AuthSample\AuthSampl
e.csproj]
When I add the project reference, I get build failures:

The problem is that your projects are nested. If you make AuthSample and AuthTest peer folders, then everything works as expected.
Stumbled here with this same problem, solution worked for me. Thanks.
Thanks for the help!
Most helpful comment
When I add the project reference, I get build failures:
The problem is that your projects are nested. If you make
AuthSampleandAuthTestpeer folders, then everything works as expected.