13.4.0
https://github.com/nagyzsolthun/vue-syntax-error
successful build
ERROR in ./app.vue
Module build failed: SyntaxError: Unexpected token {...
Can't reproduce that:

I reinstalled my OS, build finishes as expected.
@LinusBorg bro, I meet the same error:
"Module build failed: SyntaxError: Unexpected token {"
vue-loader version is 13.5.0, but as u say I modify it to 13.4.0 . error occur。
versions as below:

That screenshot doesn't really help me in understanding your problem. simply saying "same error" doesn't help either.
You likely just have to freshly update and re-install(!) all dependencies (i.e., delete /node_modules and package-lock.json, and run npm install again).
If it continues to be a problem, please:
@aeolusheath For what it's worth, I had this happen when testing against a very old nodejs 4.x version, but 6.x and newer versions work fine.
@dannon yes u r right
Seems like it’s related to Node version. Is latest vue-loader compatible with Node 4?
@aeolusheath You save my day. Thank you.
Most helpful comment
@aeolusheath For what it's worth, I had this happen when testing against a very old nodejs 4.x version, but 6.x and newer versions work fine.