Type: LanguageService
Some themes highlight the selected line with a color that doesn't match the unselected lines' background color. In these cases the new syntax highlighting doesn't honor the theme. This affects multiple themes.
It gets more visible when you select things:

To disable the new syntax highlighting, set "C_Cpp.enhancedColorization": "Disabled" and you will get the old behavior again.
Themes with known issues:
I'm having this issue too for the same set of themes. It also affects my usual theme, unfortunately. I have a lot of other themes installed too (too many, really鈥攕till trying to find the perfect theme) and I went through them to check which ones are affected. I first started experiencing the issue within the past few hours or so. Before then, everything worked fine.
Affected:
Not affected:
Thanks for the workaround!
Please up-vote the following issue: https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/75642
Fixed with 0.24.0-insiders2. Set the "C_Cpp.updateChannel" setting to "Insiders" to auto-install it.
Most helpful comment
I'm having this issue too for the same set of themes. It also affects my usual theme, unfortunately. I have a lot of other themes installed too (too many, really鈥攕till trying to find the perfect theme) and I went through them to check which ones are affected. I first started experiencing the issue within the past few hours or so. Before then, everything worked fine.
Affected:
Not affected:
Thanks for the workaround!