Tinytex: Mac 下 Knit 含中文字符 RMarkdown 文件失败

Created on 17 Aug 2018 · 8Comments · Source: yihui/tinytex

辉大：

您好，我遇到了下面的问题，瞎捣鼓一气，木有搞定。还请赐教～

背景

前提

曾经装过 MacTeX 全家桶，后按照Uninstalling卸载删除，除最后一步Uninstalling Ghostscript未操作；
Rstudio 中 tinytex::install_tinytex()，且tinytex:::is_tinytex()为 TRUE。

遭遇问题的步骤复述

新建 Rmd 文件 test_tt.Rmd，选择输出格式为 pdf；
Knit 示例模版，编译正常；
在 test_tt.Rmd 文本部分键入“啊啊”；
Knit to HTML、Word 均正常；
Knit test_tt.Rmd，编译失败。输出如下：

processing file: test_tt.Rmd
List of 1
 $ include: logi FALSE

  |............................                                     |  43%
  ordinary text without R code

  |.....................................                            |  57%
label: cars
  |..............................................                   |  71%
  ordinary text without R code

  |........................................................         |  86%
label: pressure (with options)
List of 1
 $ echo: logi FALSE

  |.................................................................| 100%
  ordinary text without R code


/usr/local/bin/pandoc +RTS -K512m -RTS test_tt.utf8.md --to latex --from markdown+autolink_bare_uris+ascii_identifiers+tex_math_single_backslash --output test_tt.tex --template /Users/roududu/RAditonalPackages/rmarkdown/rmd/latex/default-1.17.0.2.tex --highlight-style tango --pdf-engine pdflatex --variable graphics=yes --variable 'geometry:margin=1in' --variable 'compact-title:yes'
output file: test_tt.knit.md

! Package inputenc Error: Unicode character 啊 (U+554A)
(inputenc)                not set up for use with LaTeX.

Error: Failed to compile test_tt.tex. See test_tt.log for more info.
Execution halted

R 会话及设备信息

R version 3.5.1 (2018-07-02)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS Sierra 10.12.6

Matrix products: default
BLAS: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base

other attached packages:
[1] tinytex_0.6

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] compiler_3.5.1 tools_3.5.1    yaml_2.2.0     xfun_0.3

查 test_tt.log 内容如下：

This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.19 (TeX Live 2018) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2018.8.17)  17 AUG 2018 16:40
entering extended mode
 restricted \write18 enabled.
 %&-line parsing enabled.
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! Package inputenc Error: Unicode character 啊 (U+554A)
(inputenc)                not set up for use with LaTeX.

See the inputenc package documentation for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              

l.132 ...on{R Markdown 啊啊}\label{r-markdown-}}

Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
 10464 strings out of 494587
 148147 string characters out of 6176955
 214227 words of memory out of 5000000
 14016 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
 20667 words of font info for 20 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
 28i,3n,32p,232b,270s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s

!  ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!

我的尝试

Google 检索：tinytex ! Package inputenc Error: Unicode character 啊 (U+554A) (inputenc) not set up for use with LaTeX 未发现有效信息；
Google 检索 ! Package inputenc Error: Unicode character 啊 (U+554A) (inputenc) not set up for use with LaTeX 未发现直接有效信息；
查阅TinyTeX 完整文档
- 确定 tinytex:::is_tinytex() 为 TRUE
- 尝试 tinytex::tlmgr_install('inputenc')，部分输出如下

14 preloaded fonts
warning  (pdf backend): no pages of output.
Transcript written on lualatex.log.
fmtutil [INFO]: /Users/roududu/Library/TinyTeX/texmf-var/web2c/luatex/lualatex.fmt installed.
fmtutil [INFO]: Disabled formats: 1
fmtutil [INFO]: Successfully rebuilt formats: 13
fmtutil [INFO]: Total formats: 14
fmtutil [INFO]: exiting with status 0
tlmgr install inputenc
tlmgr install: package inputenc not present in repository.
tlmgr: action install returned an error; continuing.
tlmgr: package repository http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/tlnet (not verified: gpg unavailable)
tlmgr: An error has occurred. See above messages. Exiting.
tlmgr path add

Source

tanchangde

👍3

Most helpful comment

是也乎,(￣▽￣)

补刀: 提问的典范 - Yihui Xie | 谢益辉

专门点赞了 @tanchangde ,
其实, 正是因为在长期 Python/Pythonic 推广过程中发现,
明明大家在高一就早已完备了足够编程思维的训练,
但是, 却难以自学掌握那怕是 Python 这么简洁的脚本语言,
核心原因, 就是被学校训练的忘记了如何提问,

所以: 蟒营®编程思维提高班Python版
专门设计包含了永远的: 提问的智慧
相关场景;

从根儿上解决无法自学的问题..

是的, @tanchangde 就是课程助教之一, 当初原型班优秀学员.

ZoomQuiet on 1 Sep 2020

👍3

All 8 comments

@tanchangde 你把文档开头换成我的试试

---
title: "啊啊"
output: 
  pdf_document: 
    toc: yes
    latex_engine: "xelatex"
    extra_dependencies:
      ctexcap: UTF8
---

XiangyunHuang on 17 Aug 2018

👍1

嗯，关键就是你得用 xelatex 编译。pdflatex 处理中文不是不可以，但有点困难。xelatex 对多字节字符（尤其是中日韩文）要友好得多得多。

https://github.com/rstudio/rticles/blob/master/inst/rmarkdown/templates/ctex/skeleton/skeleton.Rmd

另外，你这个报告很走心、很详细，值得表扬。

yihui on 17 Aug 2018

跑通了～

感谢 @XiangyunHuang @yihui 指教，感谢 @yihui 鼓励。
按照两位的指引，跑通了～

请问 @XiangyunHuang，是怎样知道需要加 extra_dependencies 及指定 ctexcap: UTF8 的?
我对上述两个参数在 Google 做了组合检索并去 R Markdown: The Definitive Guide 粗略查看检索了下，没有看到直接介绍～

摸索过程中遇到两个点，在此记录分享下：

YAML doesn't allow tabs,it requires spaces

即 RMarkdown 文档开头的 YAML 元数据不允许用 tab 键缩进，需用空格。
否则将有如下报错：

Error in yaml::yaml.load(string, ...) :
  Scanner error: while scanning a plain scalar at line 4, column 10 found a tab character that violate intendation at line 5, column 1
Calls: <Anonymous> ... parse_yaml_front_matter -> yaml_load_utf8 -> <Anonymous>
Execution halted

编译含多字节字符 Rmd 文件，需在 YAML 元数据中指定 ctexcap

若不进行如下指定，编译仍将通过，且不会报错。但在编译为 PDF 格式后，查看文件，多字节字符内容丢失。

---
title: "test_latex_engine"
output:
  pdf_document:
    latex_engine: xelatex
    extra_dependencies:
      ctexcap: UTF8
---

tanchangde on 18 Aug 2018

👍1

@tanchangde
pdf_document 是 rmarkdown 包内的函数， extra_dependencies 就是其中一个参数，你可以输入如下命令，看各参数的详细解释，

?rmarkdown::pdf_document

ctexcap 是处理中文需要加载的 sty 文件，它来自 ctex 这个宏集，在 .tex 文件中常常这样加载 \usepackage[UTF8]{ctexcap} 而 UTF8 是这个宏包的选项

tinytex::tlmgr_search('ctexcap.sty')

tlmgr search --file --global 'ctexcap.sty'
tlmgr: package repository http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/tlnet (verified)
ctex:
    texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexcap.sty

XiangyunHuang on 18 Aug 2018

@XiangyunHuang，谢谢您的解答。

在 Google 检索您提及的 extra_dependencies 时，得到一些关于 rmarkdown pdf_document 函数的文档。让我意识到，YAML 元数据其实是在向相应函数提供入参。

根据您的提示，我仔细了看了看 rmarkdown::pdf_document 的 extra_dependencies 说明。我们采用 YAML 指定包的用法，应适用如下说明：

A LaTeX dependency latex_dependency()...

再查 rmarkdown::latex_dependency 确实如我们上面指定有 LaTeX 包名及选项两个参数。
为此，我放狗搜索了 rmarkdwon yaml load latex package，但提及的加载 LaTex 包形式并不像我们用到的这种。

过程中我的困惑是：

您是怎样知道在 Rmd 文件中编译含中文的文档，需要加载 ctexcap，并指定选项 UTF8 ？
- 处理 Rmd 文件中中文编译相关的问题，诸如指定字体，还请推荐一些必读背景资料～
您是怎样知道，通过 YAML 对象键值对的形式给 pdf_document 的 extra_dependencies 提供入参的呢？

tanchangde on 18 Aug 2018

@tanchangde 我觉得这两个问题其实已经和 R Markdown 无关了，编译出 PDF 的最后一步还是用 LaTeX 的，那么 LaTeX 文档里如何处理包含中文及别的多字节字符，这里也一样，只是调用宏包的方式写成了 YAML 的格式，资料的话我觉得再搞下去就是看 LaTeX 文档，如一份不太简短的 LaTeX 介绍和 ctex 宏集手册

附中文 R Markdown 模板合集 https://github.com/XiangyunHuang/R-Markdown-Template 免得再去折腾 LaTeX

XiangyunHuang on 18 Aug 2018

@XiangyunHuang 感激不尽～🤣

tanchangde on 18 Aug 2018

是也乎,(￣▽￣)

补刀: 提问的典范 - Yihui Xie | 谢益辉

所以: 蟒营®编程思维提高班Python版
专门设计包含了永远的: 提问的智慧
相关场景;

从根儿上解决无法自学的问题..

是的, @tanchangde 就是课程助教之一, 当初原型班优秀学员.

ZoomQuiet on 1 Sep 2020

👍3

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