Rust: error: linking with `cc` failed: exit code: 1

[siddharthAktivoLabs]

error: linking with cc failed: exit code: 1

= note: "cc" "-m64" "-L"

...
"/Users/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcompiler_builtins-35232c4af1148867.rlib" "-lSystem" "-lresolv" "-lc" "-lm" "-dynamiclib" "-Wl,-dylib"

= note: Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:

        "_PyGILState_Ensure", referenced from:
            cpython::pythonrun::GILGuard::acquire::h5d9105c4ec778456 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.5.rcgu.o)
        "_Py_IsInitialized", referenced from:
            cpython::pythonrun::prepare_freethreaded_python::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::h36005de61bc73817 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.5.rcgu.o)
        "_Py_InitializeEx", referenced from:
            cpython::pythonrun::prepare_freethreaded_python::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::h36005de61bc73817 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.5.rcgu.o)
        "_PyExc_TypeError", referenced from:
            _$LT$cpython..objects..exc..TypeError$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PythonObjectWithTypeObject$GT$::type_object::hcbe2b62528903270 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
        "_PyEval_ThreadsInitialized", referenced from:
            cpython::pythonrun::prepare_freethreaded_python::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::h36005de61bc73817 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.5.rcgu.o)
        "_PyDict_Next", referenced from:
            cpython::objects::dict::PyDict::items::he1515b7b41c2e175 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
        "_PyModule_Type", referenced from:
            _$LT$cpython..objects..module..PyModule$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PythonObjectWithCheckedDowncast$GT$::downcast_from::h987bc9e7dbf35530 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.13.rcgu.o)
        "_PyErr_Print", referenced from:
            cpython::err::panic_after_error::h7734eef80b89461e in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.4.rcgu.o)
        "_PyDict_GetItem", referenced from:
            cpython::objects::dict::PyDict::get_item::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::h57b4a830f902b7e4 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
        "_PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong", referenced from:
            cpython::objects::num::_$LT$impl$u20$cpython..conversion..ToPyObject$u20$for$u20$u64$GT$::to_py_object::h0bfaf3c8ab3b3312 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.15.rcgu.o)
        "_PyModule_Create2", referenced from:
            python3_sys::modsupport::PyModule_Create::hd1dadf4f0d5ba512 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
        "_PyObject_SetAttr", referenced from:
            cpython::objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol::setattr::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::h6b93663c35ca1e4e in rust_bindings.294h0q408pvbnoze.rcgu.o
        "_PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize", referenced from:
            cpython::objects::string::PyString::data_impl::h4b32139303e1ec11 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.9.rcgu.o)
        "_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize", referenced from:
            cpython::objects::string::PyString::new::new_impl::hf45c1a79d8223ee9 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.9.rcgu.o)
        "_PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError", referenced from:
            _$LT$cpython..objects..exc..UnicodeDecodeError$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PythonObjectWithCheckedDowncast$GT$::downcast_from::h1722cd258436f850 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
        "_PyCFunction_NewEx", referenced from:
            cpython::function::py_fn_impl::ha3b678379f9c466f in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.3.rcgu.o)
        "_PyUnicodeDecodeError_Create", referenced from:
            cpython::objects::exc::UnicodeDecodeError::new::h1de774c6719b332c in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
        "_PyErr_Fetch", referenced from:
            cpython::err::PyErr::fetch::h5ce5d83e33a9d5f0 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.4.rcgu.o)
        "_PyErr_Restore", referenced from:
            cpython::err::PyErr::restore::h6b8e0ff92a83dbdf in rust_bindings.510youx40d1lskcb.rcgu.o
            cpython::err::PyErr::restore::h97940e90eef0375b in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.4.rcgu.o)
        "__Py_Dealloc", referenced from:
            _$LT$T$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PyDrop$GT$::release_ref::hf77b969aade7107b in rust_bindings.2suf8et7itskf9vu.rcgu.o
            _$LT$T$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PyDrop$GT$::release_ref::h661bf78a05311f89 in rust_bindings.2v1weyvw3b7mhwth.rcgu.o
            _$LT$T$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PyDrop$GT$::release_ref::hb380990e69b08b9f in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.3.rcgu.o)
            _$LT$cpython..objects..object..PyObject$u20$as$u20$core..ops..drop..Drop$GT$::drop::h70e3f1960b057f37 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.3.rcgu.o)
        "_PyExc_SystemError", referenced from:
            cpython::function::handle_panic::h323073e26a8499e3 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.3.rcgu.o)
            _$LT$cpython..objects..exc..SystemError$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PythonObjectWithTypeObject$GT$::type_object::ha412729647de6a34 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
        "_PyErr_SetString", referenced from:
            cpython::function::handle_panic::h323073e26a8499e3 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.3.rcgu.o)
        "_PyType_IsSubtype", referenced from:
            _$LT$cpython..objects..exc..UnicodeDecodeError$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PythonObjectWithCheckedDowncast$GT$::downcast_from::h1722cd258436f850 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
            _$LT$cpython..objects..module..PyModule$u20$as$u20$cpython..python..PythonObjectWithCheckedDowncast$GT$::downcast_from::h987bc9e7dbf35530 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.13.rcgu.o)
        "_PyErr_PrintEx", referenced from:
            cpython::err::PyErr::print::he92fc8ad5554de52 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.4.rcgu.o)
        "_PyGILState_Release", referenced from:
            _$LT$cpython..pythonrun..GILGuard$u20$as$u20$core..ops..drop..Drop$GT$::drop::hb136c7bc4f6eec1b in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.5.rcgu.o)
        "_PyEval_SaveThread", referenced from:
            cpython::pythonrun::prepare_freethreaded_python::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::h36005de61bc73817 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.5.rcgu.o)
        "_PyDict_Size", referenced from:
            cpython::objects::dict::PyDict::len::hde84f2cf2aff77a3 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.2.rcgu.o)
        "_PyEval_InitThreads", referenced from:
            cpython::py_module_initializer_impl::ha26bb6c638c8c914 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.6.rcgu.o)
            cpython::pythonrun::prepare_freethreaded_python::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::h36005de61bc73817 in libcpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.rlib(cpython-bb286e0f8eea1bd6.cpython.1n9xevhm-cgu.5.rcgu.o)
      ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
      clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

[siddharthAktivoLabs]

Created functionality to for rust binding to python using cpython crate. But on creating the build it throws the error for linking with 'cc' failed.

[jonas-schievink]

Any reason you believe this to be a bug in rustc and not in your environment or the cpython crate?

[siddharthAktivoLabs]

creating build with the cargo.toml as :

[dependencies]
 cpython = "0.2"

works fine

But updating the same to

[dependencies.cpython]
 version = "0.2"
 features = ["extension-module"]

throws error #error: linking with cc failed: exit code: 1

MacBook-Pro:rust_to_python $ cargo build
Compiling cpython v0.2.1
Compiling python3-sys v0.2.1
Compiling rust_to_python v0.1.0 (/Users/Projects/demoPojects/Rust/rust_to_python)
error: linking with cc failed: exit code: 1
|
= note: "cc" "-m64" "-L" ".....

[jonas-schievink]

Have you read the last part of the cpython readme?

On windows and linux, you can build normally with cargo build --release. On Mac Os, you need to set additional linker arguments. The simplest solution is to create a .cargo/config with the following content:

[target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
rustflags = [
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
]

[siddharthAktivoLabs]

GREAT, it worked.

[funnyzpc]

you don't install toolchain ，please exec this commond to install “ xcode-select --install ”

[Dhan-An-Jay]

If You are Mac user then try below command into terminal,
xcode-select --install

I have tried for Mac and now my rust is started using it.....

[Dhan-An-Jay]

After. updating the OS from 10.12 to 10.14 Catalina then I have started getting this issue, So to solve this incompatible issue I have updated my Xcode developer kit using. below command and its started working out, so please try it once, I have tried and its solved now...I can execute my cargo and its working as expected

xcode-select --install