Pytorch: Add a note in the docs about the momentum formulation used in optim

[keskarnitish]

I have been looking at the implementation of SGD + Momentum in PyTorch and noticed something a bit different from how other packages (and papers) describe it. For the moment, let's focus solely on (classical) momentum and not Nesterov's version.

At the time of writing, the implementation reads:

```
if momentum != 0:
param_state = self.state[p]
if 'momentum_buffer' not in param_state:
buf = param_state['momentum_buffer'] = d_p.clone()
else:
buf = param_state['momentum_buffer']
buf.mul_(momentum).add_(1 - dampening, d_p)
if nesterov:
d_p = d_p.add(momentum, buf)
else:
d_p = buf

            p.data.add_(-group['lr'], d_p)

Mathematically, if we denote the momentum buffer by `v` and assume that `dampening=0`, at every iteration, the buffer is updated as `v = m*v + g` and the step is `∆x = lr * v`. Notice that the learning rate `lr` hits the momentum term `v` as well as the gradient. To me, this is different from what classical momentum is, and also differs from how other packages implement SGD+M.

Let us contrast this with the Sutskever et. al. paper and other commonly used pacakges such as Lasagne, Keras, Neon, etc.

## [Sutskever et. al.](http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v28/sutskever13.pdf)
The snippet of the relevant section is pasted below. 
![Sutskever et. al.](http://i.imgur.com/QJelodE.png)

Retaining the syntax from above, the algorithm updates `v` as `v = m*v - lr * g` with the step `∆x = v`. So, the learning rate `lr` only hits the gradient. It does not (explicitly) influence the effect of the momentum term which is in contrast with PyTorch's implementation. 

# [Lasagne](https://github.com/Lasagne/Lasagne/blob/master/lasagne/updates.py#L217)

Lasagne employs the same rule as suggested in Sutskever for momentum. 

for param in params:
    value = param.get_value(borrow=True)
    velocity = theano.shared(np.zeros(value.shape, dtype=value.dtype),
                             broadcastable=param.broadcastable)
    x = momentum * velocity + updates[param]
    updates[velocity] = x - param

# [Keras](https://github.com/fchollet/keras/blob/master/keras/optimizers.py#L141)

Same for Keras:

   for p, g, m in zip(params, grads, moments):
        v = self.momentum * m - lr * g  # velocity
        self.updates.append(K.update(m, v))

        if self.nesterov:
            new_p = p + self.momentum * v - lr * g
        else:
            new_p = p + v

# [Neon](https://github.com/NervanaSystems/neon/blob/master/neon/optimizers/optimizer.py#L520)

and Neon.

            velocity[:] = self.momentum_coef * velocity - lrate * grad

            # Nesterov accelerated gradient (NAG) is implemented the same
            # as in torch's "sgd.lua". It's a reformulation of Sutskever's
            # NAG equation found in "On the importance of initialization
            # and momentum in deep learning".
            if self.nesterov:
                param[:] = param + self.momentum_coef * velocity -\
                           lrate * grad
            else:
                param[:] = param + velocity

```
Is the disparity true or am I missing something important?

The difference between the two implementations is not insignificant and especially so when lr is reduced along the way. If my claim is true, maybe we could update the reference (I'm not sure what that would be) or include the above version in the SGD code (I can take this up if necessary)?

[colesbury]

For a fixed learning rate, the two formulations are equivalent. The Torch formulation is chosen because the the step size is directly proportional to the learning rate. This means that if you decrease the learning rate, the step size decreases immediately, and not after some number of iterations, which is generally what you want.

[keskarnitish]

I agree. My only concern was that, given that the reference for the method is the Sutskever paper and there is no documentation to explain the difference, the current implementation could be a potential _"gotcha"_ for folks moving to PyTorch from other frameworks.

[soumith]

@keskarnitish if you send a PR adding a note to the docs, I am happy to merge.