As mentioned in https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/issues/3849#issue-484899355 ("Render highway=pedestrian and highway=living_street same as highway=residential on z13") there is not a strong difference between the meaning of highway=pedestrian and highway=living_street - both are pedestrian-priority areas with limits on motor vehicle access and speed, but both almost always allow motor vehicle access at least at certain times of the day.
The current highway=pedestrian rendering is quite dark, with the same lightness as landuse=residential, =retail, =commercial and =industrial, so there is low contrast with the surrounding polygon fill in most places.
On the other hand, there are problems with the current highway=living_street fill, for example it is identical to the current parking area fill, which is a problem for areas. At z13 the color is hard to see against residential areas, according to https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/issues/3849#issue-484899355
By combining the two features into one rendering, we would have one less different road color, which will make future changes and maintenance of the style easier. And we could adjust the color to compensate for the 3 problems mentioned above.
Rendering highway=pedestrian like highway=living_street would also mean showing these features at z13. Right now it is strange that cycleways are shown but not large pedestrian streets at z13.
Current rendering of Luxembourg city, z13 (no pedestrian roads, but living streets shown in southeast part of city centre):

z14 Luxembourg current

both almost always allow motor vehicle access at least at certain times of the day
I disagree. For hw=pedestrian that might be true if there is delivery access in a shopping zone, but there are other examples where they are indeed pedestrian only.
I also thought that living street rendering doesn't stand out enough from landuse=residential, even closer than z13.
So maybe change both? Make it lighter potentially
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I disagree. For hw=pedestrian that might be true if there is delivery access in a shopping zone, but there are other examples where they are indeed pedestrian only.