It seems to lack this bit of (important) information: after updating the configuration.xml file, one must start the (new) setup.exe from the command prompt (DOS) with the following syntax:
:> setup /configure configuration.xml
-> and then, finally, you'll see something expected like the Office setup splash screen downloading what one can expect beeing the software described in the configuration file (project or visio).
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They already covered this in the link to the "Overview of the Office Deployment Tool" page.
"If you're not familiar with the Office Deployment Tool, it's usually used to customize deployments of Click-to-Run versions of Office products, such as Office 365 ProPlus. For more information, see Overview of the Office Deployment Tool."