I'd think it in the ballpark of this previous, now closed error: https://github.com/Foundry376/Mailspring/issues/14
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Ubuntu 17.10
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Version 1.0.12-amd64
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List of extensions installed include
No.
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N/A
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Feature Request?
N/A

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ENOSPC = no space on your device. Do you have enougth space on your disk or environment?
Hi there,
Yes. I've got about 90 GB of disk free. The problem seems to have something do with this path /usr/share/mailspring/resources/app.asar.unpacked/mailsync.bin But I have exactly no idea why the error is a lack of space.
this is simply a error due to lack of space and maybe due to the failure in the resource location
Try increasing your ionotify limit as per: https://github.com/guard/listen/wiki/Increasing-the-amount-of-inotify-watchers
to set limit temporarily and check it works:
sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
sudo sysctl -p
If that works, set the new limit permanently:
echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo sysctl -p
Confirm that snap run mailspring failed to launch any window, logging ENOSPC errors for watch keymap.json instead, and sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=65536 fixed it.
The default per-user limit on total inotify watches appears to be 8k on Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic, which doesn't seem to be enough.
Most helpful comment
Try increasing your ionotify limit as per: https://github.com/guard/listen/wiki/Increasing-the-amount-of-inotify-watchers
to set limit temporarily and check it works:
If that works, set the new limit permanently: