I don't know the exact step to reproduce the issue, I play with Magento command.

@sumanta-ghosh Thanks for your report. Please clarify your steps, and exact commands and the order that you used, thank you.
@sumanta-ghosh, we are closing this issue due to inactivity. If you'd like to update it, please reopen the issue.
@magento-engcom-team I' have exact the same issue as sumanta-ghosh reported it on 2.2.2 I've only changed from default to developer mode and when I access
Access the Admin 禄 Stores 禄 Configuration 禄 Advanced 禄System I get the error
I've looked at DB:
SELECT * FROM core_config_data WHERE path LIKE '%varnish%';
+-----------+---------+----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| config_id | scope | scope_id | path | value |
+-----------+---------+----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 202 | default | 0 | system/full_page_cache/varnish/access_list | localhost |
| 203 | default | 0 | system/full_page_cache/varnish/backend_host | localhost |
| 204 | default | 0 | system/full_page_cache/varnish/backend_port | 8080 |
| 205 | default | 0 | system/full_page_cache/varnish/grace_period | 300 |
+-----------+---------+----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
is it trying to insert again when there is one ?
Any Ideas?
Thank you.
@sumanta-ghosh relate issue here: https://github.com/magento/magento2/issues/13055
I have this same issue in Magento 2.2.3.
When I go to the configuration to 'advanced > system', the first time it works, but when I visit it again (or reload the page), the exception is thrown.
Also running in developer mode. As lano-vargas points out: it seems that visiting this tab adds 4 extra rows to the system configuration. If I delete the 4 entries from my database, I can reload the page, but then Magento adds the 4 entries again. Note that I did not click 'save' or something. Just reloading the page seems to add 4 entries to the database. Reloading the page again will throw this error.
Note that I do not have varnish installed in my local development setup. But I also didn't select it as the preferred caching mechanism. So it's odd that a Varnish-related error is thrown without me even using Varnish.
EDIT - Flushed Cache and I can enter the system settings.
Having the same issue on 2.2.4. This was a migrated website and going live in a few weeks. Commenting to follow. This is a dev site and not running Varnish.
4 exception(s):
Exception #0 (Magento\Framework\Exception\AlreadyExistsException): Unique constraint violation found
Exception #1 (Magento\Framework\DB\Adapter\DuplicateException): SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry 'default-0-system/full_page_cache/varnish/access_list' for key 'CORE_CONFIG_DATA_SCOPE_SCOPE_ID_PATH', query was: INSERT INTO core_config_data (path, value) VALUES (?, ?)
Exception #2 (Zend_Db_Statement_Exception): SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry 'default-0-system/full_page_cache/varnish/access_list' for key 'CORE_CONFIG_DATA_SCOPE_SCOPE_ID_PATH', query was: INSERT INTO core_config_data (path, value) VALUES (?, ?)
Exception #3 (PDOException): SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry 'default-0-system/full_page_cache/varnish/access_list' for key 'CORE_CONFIG_DATA_SCOPE_SCOPE_ID_PATH'
Why is this closed? Issue still persistent...
M 2.2.2
Same here with a fresh installation of M2.2.5.
In my case this happens in multi-store setup, when i have different configurations for each store.
The error comes in the "default config", possibly due to the fact that there are duplicate entries for columns that supposed to be unique.
4 exception(s):
Exception #0 (Magento\Framework\Exception\AlreadyExistsException): Unique constraint violation found
Exception #1 (Magento\Framework\DB\Adapter\DuplicateException): SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry 'default-0-system/full_page_cache/varnish/access_list' for key 'CORE_CONFIG_DATA_SCOPE_SCOPE_ID_PATH', query was: INSERT INTO `core_config_data` (`path`, `value`) VALUES (?, ?)
Exception #2 (Zend_Db_Statement_Exception): SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry 'default-0-system/full_page_cache/varnish/access_list' for key 'CORE_CONFIG_DATA_SCOPE_SCOPE_ID_PATH', query was: INSERT INTO `core_config_data` (`path`, `value`) VALUES (?, ?)
Exception #3 (PDOException): SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry 'default-0-system/full_page_cache/varnish/access_list' for key 'CORE_CONFIG_DATA_SCOPE_SCOPE_ID_PATH'
Had the same issue on 2.2.4... try re-run setup php bin/magento setup:upgrade
This issue appears only when you first time go to System section and without saving reload the page.
Its because Magento\PageCache\Model\System\Config\Backend\Varnish in method _afterLoad it saves default values if values wasn't saved before.
https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/2.3-develop/app/code/Magento/PageCache/Model/System/Config/Backend/Varnish.php#L63
Simple clean cache can resolve this issue.
Most helpful comment
Had the same issue on 2.2.4... try re-run setup
php bin/magento setup:upgrade