Describe the bug
Since WP 5.5 the layout of the regular List-Block is broken in Gutenberg in some Themes (tested with Twenty Fourteen, Twenty Sixteen, Twenty Seventeen).
While the resulting webpage seems to be always OK, in Gutenberg editor the List-Block in the stated themes is shown on the left screen side, outside of the boundary of the regular editor content:

It's OK in some other Themes (tested with Twenty Twelve, Twenty Nineteen, Twenty Twenty):

To reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
Expected behavior
WYSIWYG
(Like in WP 5.4 and before)
Editor version (please complete the following information):
Desktop (please complete the following information):
I wonder if this is some kind of conflict with editor styles. cc @kjellr @jasmussen @melchoyce
I can reproduce. Twenty Fourteen:

Many themes handle wide and fullwide by using "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" — when I explicitly add that back, it looks like this, which I _think_ is correct:

Diving in deeper, it looks like there's a generic .wp-block style in the Twenty Fourteen editor style that does exactly that:

But said style is overwritten by other editor style CSS, in the case of the list block:

Specifically this from the very same editor style:

I'm not entirely sure why that worked in 5.4 and broke now, because it seems like that latter style would always take precedence. However it's possible that the general code cleanup and reduction in CSS specificity efforts we've done, are causing some side effects here.
_Ideally_ the solution would be for the Twenty Fourteen editor style, and others, to be rewritten to adress this.
Interesting. I actually fixed this for Twenty Fifteen earlier this year:
https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/50029
At the time I didn't realize it was effecting other themes as well. As you noted @jasmussen the theme styles are interfering with this, so the best route would be to fix this in the themes themselves. I've created a new ticket here to track these fixes:
Thank you Kjell!
Thanks all. Closing in favor of the trac ticket.