Go: x/crypto/ssh: support RSA SHA-2 host key signatures

[hansnielsen]

What version of Go are you using (go version)?

$ go version
1.13.8

Version of x/crypto: 1d94cc7ab1c630336ab82ccb9c9cda72a875c382

Does this issue reproduce with the latest release?

Yes.

What operating system and processor architecture are you using (go env)?

go env Output

$ go env

n/a

What did you do?

I tried to connect to an OpenSSH 8.2 server with the ssh-rsa host key algorithm disabled on the server. I also tried to run an x/crypto/ssh server and connect from an OpenSSH client with ssh-rsa disabled. Lastly, I tried to sign a host certificate with ssh.Certificate.SignCert with a SHA-2 based signature.

What did you expect to see?

I expected the RSA host key and certificate to validate successfully with the new SHA-2 based signatures introduced in RFC 8332. I also expected to be able to sign host certificates and have them automatically received a SHA-2 based signature.

OpenSSH has already deprecated ssh-rsa (i.e. SHA-1 based) signatures in host certificates in version 8.2 because of safety reasons. They can still be used by the host key algorithm must be manually specified.

What did you see instead?

I was unable to connect either as a server or a client if ssh-rsa wasn't enabled while using RSA host keys or host certificates. I was able to sign a certificate with the AlgorithmSigner wrapper approach (i.e. by forcefully overriding Sign) proposed by @stoggi in #36261, but it's not a great experience for users.

[hansnielsen]

I spent some time hacking away at a solution for this and believe I have something largely ready to make a CL from: https://github.com/hansnielsen/golang-x-crypto/compare/master...hans-rsa-sha2-support

The main change is that when given an ssh-rsa-type key or an RSA crypto.Signer (and not a custom ssh.Signer), the code will automatically register the ssh-rsa, rsa-sha2-256, and rsa-sha2-512 host key algorithms for use. This means that for users who haven't specified explicit algorithm preferences, they'll get the new SHA-2 based signatures just by updating. There shouldn't be any external-facing changes beyond algorithm support and the certificate signing choice mentioned below.

The approach OpenSSH chose for these new signature types is somewhat interesting: they have the same key type (ssh-rsa) but different signature algorithms. This makes it slightly tricky to integrate while keeping the existing tests working. There's a little more explicit special-casing of the RSA SHA-2 signature family than I'd like.

The one main choice I made in here (beyond just adding support for the new signature types) is that certificates now default to rsa-sha2-512 instead of ssh-rsa. I think given the already-deprecated nature of ssh-rsa plus the reasonable threat model for host certificates, this is the correct choice. The "wrapped AlgorithmSigner" approach can still be used to force an RSA SHA-1 signature and there's no need to encourage this.

Feedback welcome! If the approach in the code above looks good, I'll work on submitting a CL.

[josharian]

cc @hanwen @FiloSottile

[FiloSottile]

Sounds good on both adding the algorithms and changing the certificate default.

OpenSSH 8.2 already stopped supporting ssh-rsa signed certificates, right?

[alex]

Only for host certificates I think, client certs still can use it.

[hansnielsen]

I considered removing the SHA-1 RSA signature for host certs but wanted to keep this issue to algorithm addition. There are some choices in the client host key algorithm list that are probably worth revisiting as well and it’d probably be best to handle that as one issue.

[FiloSottile]

How long has OpenSSH supported rsa-sha2-512 certificates?

[hansnielsen]

OpenSSH 7.3 was the first version with rsa-sha2-512 certificate support, released on 2016-08-01. Ubuntu xenial stands out as being the largest distro that's still on 7.2 with backported security fixes.

[alex]

I always regret asking things like this, but surely support non-SHA1 signature algorithms is as deserving of a security backport as an actual CVE?

[gopherbot]

Change https://golang.org/cl/220037 mentions this issue: ssh: support RSA SHA-2 (RFC8332) signatures

[rsc]

Based on the discussion above, this seems like a likely accept.

[rsc]

No change in consensus, so accepted.

[awly]

Looks like https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/220037 has had no progress since Feb 20th.
Since everyone seems to agree on the change, @hansnielsen @FiloSottile do you have the time to finish that CL review?

This is causing teleport some interop problems with newer openssh versions.

[SwampDragons]

This issue is hitting us over in Packer at https://github.com/hashicorp/packer/issues/8609. We use the ssh client, generating the Auth method first by calling ParsePrivateKey and then feeding that signer into the PublicKeys method to retrieve the publickeycallback. code: https://github.com/hashicorp/packer/blob/master/helper/communicator/config.go#L320-L324

I can create my own algorithm signer to set the algorithm and call the wrappedSigner's SignWithAlgorithm, but it doesn't work with the proposed change at https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/220037 unless the publickeycallback is also modified, because it's still sending the key type as the algorithm, in this case "ssh-rsa".

By hardcoding lines https://github.com/golang/crypto/blob/75b288015ac94e66e3d6715fb68a9b41bf046ec2/ssh/client_auth.go#L218 and https://github.com/golang/crypto/blob/75b288015ac94e66e3d6715fb68a9b41bf046ec2/ssh/client_auth.go#L232 to SigAlgoRSASHA2256, I can force this to work to connect to an ssh server that doesn't allow the "ssh-rsa" algorithm, but obviously this isn't a viable patch for the module.

This is my first time doing a real dive into this library so I'm wondering if anyone else on this thread has an instinct about how to extend the ssh.PublicKeys() method to make it work for AlgorithmSigners that are actually using custom algorithms.

[awly]

I tried working around this by implementing a custom ssh.AlgorithmSigner around an ssh.Signer (which is derived from an SSH certificate).
You can sign new certificates using a CA this way and it seems to work fine with OpenSSH.

However, you can't use such signers for actual SSH handshakes against a Go SSH server, because of https://github.com/golang/crypto/blob/75b288015ac94e66e3d6715fb68a9b41bf046ec2/ssh/server.go#L556-L564. That's a hardcoded check for algorithms supported in handshake signatures.
So, without https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/220037, you can only get cert signing to work.

For reference, here's our workaround for certs: https://github.com/gravitational/teleport/pull/3777/files#diff-193b31b40b2b216b00568f93daa82603

[SwampDragons]

Turns out my particular client key handling needs aren't actually directly relevant to this patch, though the underlying "this module is having some problems with handling rsa sha-2 algorithms" is the same -- I think it needs its own GH issue. I'll work on setting up my own case and my own patch suggestion 😬

[dustymabe]

In order to workaround this issue I tried to use an ecdsa key instead, which worked fine until we hit a brick wall because AWS only supports RSA keys.

Any chance we can increase the priority of the code review in https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/220037/ ?

[FiloSottile]

Yes, I plan to get to it this week.

On Tue, Oct 6, 2020 at 3:59 PM Dusty Mabe [e-mail] wrote:

In order to workaround this issue I tried to use an ecdsa key instead
https://github.com/coreos/coreos-assembler/pull/1749, which worked fine
until we hit a brick wall because AWS only supports RSA keys
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-key-pairs.html#how-to-generate-your-own-key-and-import-it-to-aws
.

Any chance we can increase the priority of the code review in
https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/220037/ ?

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[SwampDragons]

When you look at this one, if you have time to take a look at a related patch over here: https://github.com/golang/go/issues/39885 that'd be super rad

[nathanj]

I ran into this issue on a new install of Fedora 33. ssh-rsa is disabled by default now, so I was not able to connect to our golang ssh server.

The ssh error message for googleability:
debug1: send_pubkey_test: no mutual signature algorithm

Workarounds at https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1884920 , but it would be nice if fixed in golang.