Edit: Workaround here.
Cleaning and then running make PLATFORM=simulator against the latest master (at the time of writing, 9a1ecec3229d0cbc5e9820eebbd3ae2c9198c60e) then opening up epsilon.elf from a terminal gives a blank window on macOS Mojave (18A391). This might be a FLTK issue, but I'm not really sure. Here's how it looks:

It remains this way with dark mode both on and off.
Unable to reproduce issue on macOS High Sierra (10.13.4 17E199) with commit 9a1ecec. I wouldn't be surprised if this is an issue with FLTK.

Can confirm that on Mojave, it's blank.
In both normal and Dark system theme, btw.
Probably fltk indeed...
There was a new Mojave beta update pushed today (18B45d), I will try the simulator again with that update installed. Likely won't fix it, but it's worth a shot.
Edit: Yup, still broken. I will download the source for the latest dev build of FLTK and compile that to see if it works.
Edit 2: FLTK 1.4.x does not work
For reference, here is the relevant issue on fltk.org: http://www.fltk.org/str.php?L3496
One user on the issue there says r.13057 fixes the bug. (Relevant commit: https://github.com/fltk/fltk/commit/f76d2a2bf8c35c0c313f05bbd6deda49dd344efc)
Here is a workaround until the fix is released:
brew uninstall fltkgit clone https://github.com/fltk/fltk.gitcd fltkgit checkout f76d2a2bf8c35c0c313f05bbd6deda49dd344efcmake clean && make installmake PLATFORM=simulator clean && make PLATFORM=simulatorWorks for me on the latest Mojave beta build (18B45d). Although, I think we should keep this issue open until FLTK releases the fix in a stable version of the library just in case anyone else runs into this issue with the epsilon simulator.

Thank you very much for the investigation @tjhorner ! I'll close this issue since its not directly in our code 馃槃
See Homebrew/homebrew-core#33342
Temporary workaround until Homebrew lands a fix: brew install --build-from-source gtDMMB/core/fltkwithcairo
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For reference, here is the relevant issue on fltk.org: http://www.fltk.org/str.php?L3496
One user on the issue there says
r.13057fixes the bug. (Relevant commit: https://github.com/fltk/fltk/commit/f76d2a2bf8c35c0c313f05bbd6deda49dd344efc)Here is a workaround until the fix is released:
brew uninstall fltkgit clone https://github.com/fltk/fltk.gitcd fltkgit checkout f76d2a2bf8c35c0c313f05bbd6deda49dd344efcmake clean && make installmake PLATFORM=simulator clean && make PLATFORM=simulatorWorks for me on the latest Mojave beta build (18B45d). Although, I think we should keep this issue open until FLTK releases the fix in a stable version of the library just in case anyone else runs into this issue with the epsilon simulator.