Escaping issue with the sequence (<50 :

This is a message that came through the Slack bridge, but it renders fine in Element Android -- it's just broken on Element web. You can see from the screenshot that no text is rendered after the "(" character -- the rest of the message is dropped, even though it is in the message source.
The escaping issue is in the slack bridge. That's not valid HTML.
Yeah, we could switch to more of a tag-soup parser that will try & make sense of whatever nonsense you throw at it, but I don't think it would exactly be a priority and there's a certain argument to failing more obviously so we notice when bridges are misbehaving like this.
Another option would be to ignore the formatted body completely if it's invalid HTML and use the plain body.