Elasticsearch: SQL: support for ODBC timedate functions

[bpintea]

Drivers are meant to report support for the functions implemented by the driver+data source.

Out of the timedate group, we are missing still the following:

• [x] CURRENT_DATE
• [x] CURRENT_TIME
• [x] CURDATE
• [x] CURTIME
• [x] DATE_TRUNC
• [x] DATE_PART
• [x] NOW
• [x] TIMESTAMPADD
• [x] TIMESTAMPDIFF
• [x] TODAY

See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/reference/appendixes/time-date-and-interval-functions for details.

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-search

[astefan]

High-level view over the functions support: https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/30007

[costin]

@matriv can you please look into adding the current variants for SQL DATE?

[matriv]

@bpintea NOW() is already implemented (alias to CURRENT_TIMESTAMP())

[matriv]

Introducing CURRENT_TIME/CURTIME requires to introduce the TIME data type first: #38174

[matriv]

All listed functions are implemented.