In den Google Einstellungen wird werden 0 脺berpr眉fungen angezeigt und in der App selbst das diese heute fr眉h 眉berpr眉ft worden sind.

Devs should verify that, but I think that "0 脺berpr眉fungen in den letzten 14 Tagen" in you screenshot means that there have been no calls to the API for assessing the risk of exposure. This is plausible, because up to now there is no bundle of diagnosis keys available. Just try getting all dates with available keys:
https://svc90.main.px.t-online.de/version/v1/diagnosis-keys/country/DE/date
Now, the indicator in the actual app (cwa) should mean that the app checked for keys, found none and thus shows "low risk".
related (reason why there might be no keys as of now): https://github.com/corona-warn-app/cwa-documentation/issues/236#issuecomment-646505696
Don't even have those lines in my options in android 6.0.1

Me neither (Pixel 2, Android 10).
Me neither (Galaxy S8, Android 9)
Yes, indeed that observation is related to the fact that no keys are currently being distributed by the server and hence no calls to the API are being made (https://www.coronawarn.app/de/faq/#no_log_check).