Components: feat(divider): move divider out of mat-list

[CaerusKaru]

Bug, feature request, or proposal:

Feature request

What is the expected behavior?

Pursuant to the spec, dividers are used in areas other than plain lists, most notably in cards.

What is the current behavior?

Using mat-divider requires MatList, even when used in other components.

What are the steps to reproduce?

1. Try to use mat-divider without importing MatListModule

What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behavior?

There should be an ability, like in AngularJS Material, to use mat-divider without relying on MatList. This would also be a great opportunity to implement the inset divider, would close #2017, and open up an opportunity to implement the vertical (or at least responsive) option that was in Material 1.0.

Obviously not a priority, but a nice to have feature.

Which versions of Angular, Material, OS, TypeScript, browsers are affected?

All current as of 7/5/2017 (@angular/[email protected])

[peluprvi]

In cards specs, there are full-bleed divider and inset dividers

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