I think this is related to #5533. On a new site I started yesterday the tag settings for the SEO field were being corrupted. There are two issues here that I can see. The first is the value of template is being overwritten with the value of locked, and the second is that the stored array is double-packed. The SEO plugin isn't doing anything to these values before they are stored which I why I believe it's a Craft issue.
settings[title][0][key]: "1"
settings[title][0][locked]: "0"
settings[title][0][template]: "{title}"
settings[title][1][key]: "2"
settings[title][1][locked]: "1"
settings[title][1][template]: "-+{siteName}"
Which is then stored as the following:
plugins.seo.settings.title.0.__assoc__.0.0: "key"
plugins.seo.settings.title.0.__assoc__.0.1: "1"
plugins.seo.settings.title.0.__assoc__.1.0: "locked"
plugins.seo.settings.title.0.__assoc__.1.1: "0"
plugins.seo.settings.title.0.__assoc__.2.0: "template"
plugins.seo.settings.title.0.__assoc__.2.1: "0" -- should be `{title}`
plugins.seo.settings.title.1.__assoc__.0.0: "key"
plugins.seo.settings.title.1.__assoc__.0.1: "2"
plugins.seo.settings.title.1.__assoc__.1.0: "locked"
plugins.seo.settings.title.1.__assoc__.1.1: "1"
plugins.seo.settings.title.1.__assoc__.2.0: "template"
plugins.seo.settings.title.1.__assoc__.2.1: "1" -- should be `- {siteName}`
Running the repair util finds the issues, but obviously the data has already been corrupted:
$ php ./craft utils/repair/project-config
Repairing project config ...
- double-packed array found at plugins.seo.settings.title.0
- double-packed array found at plugins.seo.settings.title.1
Re-saving the settings causes the array to be corrupted and double-packed again.
Also, if I go into the database and change the values in the projectconfig table to be correct and then run utils/repair/project-config, the values are corrupted again (but the double-packing is fixed).
Thanks for reporting that. Just released 3.4.27 with a fix.
Still seeing issues on 3.4.27 — changes to fields (this specific one is a dropdown field inside a matrix field) keep bringing back disassociative arrays. I can re-run the repair utility, but even then if I alternate between rebuilding and re-syncing the project config, the associative arrays keep coming back, with only the repair utility able to remove them.
Pinging @khalwat on this too, as I believe he's also been encountering project config issues on associative arrays.
Well, someone reported an issue here: https://github.com/nystudio107/craft-imageoptimize/issues/217
...which I believe is a Craft/Project Config issue, not an ImageOptimize issue.
Right — here is what my diff's are looking like after saving a field on 3.4.27 (an Image Optimize field in this case) — I didn't even change anything in this section of the diff (the actual change happened elsewhere), and reviewing merges around project config is becoming increasingly difficult:

@mildlygeeky There’s nothing wrong with that as far as I can tell. It’s more verbose but should resolve to the same thing.
@khalwat Guessing https://github.com/nystudio107/craft-imageoptimize/issues/217 was the same as this original issue, which was fixed in 3.4.27. They probably got into that state with the duplicated '82' value on Craft 3.4.26, where the bug existed.