No not currently. If you look at ServiceBusTriggerAttribute, to subscribe to a topic, both a topic and a subscription must be specified (e.g. [ServiceBusTrigger("mytopic", "mysubscription")]).
Closing this since mathew answered this and we don't have a plan to support.
Being able to specify the parameters to ServiceBusTrigger without constant values is a really big deal for us. In our case we want to run the same web job code, but with different topics and subscriptions based on configuration values. We can't use them because config values aren't constant.